This work reports concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra and 40K) and TFs in six Thai medicinal plants grown in central Thailand using an HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. 2021 . Keywords: Activity Concentration, Transfer Factor, Plant, Grass, Caesium-137, Primordial Radionuclides 1. transfer of radionuclides from soil to plants will provide important data for the environmental risk assessment in such zones. The most . Radioactive materials provide numerous applications (scientific, medical, agricultural . The transfer factor data is shown in the Table 1. The transfer factor (TF) for 137 Cs from soil to tea root was highest, followed by that from soil to trunk and from soil to leaf. 3. Introduction For long-term radiation dose assessment of nuclear facili-ties, such as deep underground waste disposal facilities, one of the critical pathways of long-lived radionuclides . Centofanti T(1), Penfield R, Albrecht A, Pellerin S, Flühler H, Frossard E. Author information: (1)Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau (ZH), Switzerland. The transfer factors of radionuclides (226Ra, 238U, 232Th, 40K and fallout radionuclides 137Cs) from soil to plant and grass collected from the north-west of West Bank environment - Palestine were measured. Transfer factor (TF) is a useful parameter for the radiological assessment. We studied the food crops commonly consumed by the general public of Kanyakumari district of south India. Transfer in Temperate Environments (Technical Reports Series No. It is necessary to obtain the transfer factor (TF) of long-lived radionuclides because soil type and vegetation can affect TF. This value is above the global average of 0.29×10 −3 and 1.16×10 −3 reported by UNSCEAR. radionuclides. 148 of exposure is the need to model the transfer of radionuclides in a robust manner. lived radionuclides such as U 238, Th 232, K 40 and their affiliates are found. We studied the food crops commonly consumed by the general public of Kanyakumari district of south India. Over the years, Technical Reports Series No. Moreover, transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to rice were determined. From three different soil textures (clay, silt and sand), 36 soil and soybeans samples were accumulated from the agricultural area of EL-Mynia governo Analysis was done in order to indicate the different ways of adopting radionuclides by mosses. 2019). Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were investigated in rhizome and aerial parts of the galangal plants. We studied the food crops commonly consumed by the general public of Kanyakumari district of south India. Results Specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs were determined in the soil and rice samples. The transfer factor of radionuclides of Na, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Tc, Rh and Cs in komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. PMID: 18420569 Transfer of Radionuclides from Air, Soil and Freshwater to the Foodchain of Man in Tropical and Subtropical Environments. 58 4.5 Transfer factor data for different life stages of development for Reference Animals . Transfer Factor Radionuclide uptake by plants from contaminated soil represents a key step of radionuclide input into the human food chain; this phenomenon is described by the soil-plant transfer factor, which is explained as the ratio between crop-specific activity and soil-specific activity. Results and discussions 3.1. This transfer is defined as a transfer factor and is known to be the most significant human contribution to the dose of radiation (IAEA 1994; El-Gamal et al. This requires information on transfer of many less mobile radionuclides, which do not usually comprise an important component of discharges or dose. This work reports concentrations of natural radionuclides ( 226 Ra and 40 K) and TFs in six Thai medicinal plants grown in central Thailand using an HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. The aim of this study is to determine the transfer factor soil-to-plant and to assess the concentration level of natural and artificial radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs) in samples from Saluga and Ghazal Protectorate area in Aswan, Egypt, by using High Pure Germanium detector (HPGe) Environmental Radioactivity Measurements Labrotary in faculty of science Qena. Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and 137Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. An important step to estimate the intake of radionuclides in the human food chain in the form of ingestion in the human organism is known as the soil-plant transfer factor (TF), which is defined as the ratio between the activity concentration of the plant and the activity concentration of the associated soil (Tagami and Uchida 2009; Banzi et . Worldwide Proficiency Test on the Determination of Trace Elements and Uranium Isotopes in Drinking Water. The grass to meat transfer factor of caesium are 1.22 10-2 and 6.65 10-1 d kg-1 for cow and sheep meat respectively. Introduction These results have been compared with those of different countries of the world. Soil-Plant Transfer of Radionuclides in Non-temperate Environments. commonly. The soil-to-plant transfer factor of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and40K) were determined and the result shows that potassium has higher values of transfer factor than thorium and radium. The Silhouette plants samples were collected from various nurseries in Baghdad to study the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides, K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 in addition to Radon Adsorption percentage for the first time in this research to Plants and soils with the transfer factor from soil to plant using NaI(Tl) detector. We studied the food crops commonly consumed by the general public of Kanyakumari district of south India. It also describes the migration of 137Cs and the homogeneity of concerned natural radionuclides in the soil profile of the study areas. The main focus was on rice, fruits, vegetables and tapioca because … The total ingestion dose from natural radioactivity the transport of radionuclides (Mortverdt, 1994). The transfer factor (TF) for 137 Cs from soil to tea root was highest, followed by that from soil to trunk and from soil to leaf. . In the study of routine or accidental release of radionuclides, the transfer factor (TF) The present study examines the radionuclides ( 40 K, 226 Ra and 210 Pb) concentrations in soil and plants collected from El Jadida agricultural area. The main focus was on rice, fruits, vegetables and tapioca because the consumption of these is high. Absorption of radionuclides from soils into plants is usually quantified in terms of the transfer (or concentration) factor, which is defined as the ratio of the radioactivity per unit dry This range can be partially explained by the different association of radionuclides to soil particles, which can be assessed by speciation procedures. This aspect of transport of radionuclides/elements widely covers the phenomenon of accumulation and transfer factors. The plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides and the soil radiation hazard of some crops Author: Mostafa Y. On the other hand for potassium the TFs values ranged from (0.9 to 5.1). That was may be due to the amount of soil pH and its texture. The potentially large uncertainty associated with predicting the uptake of radionuclides by plants from soil at a particular location may be reduced by considering the dominant crops and soil types in the area and how various soil properties affect the concentration factor. The transfer factors of radionuclides from the soil to different components of the plants (stems, roots, leaves, and fruits) was also determined and assessed. Transfer factors of radionuclides 137Cs and 6SZn from soil to pearlmillet and sorghum P. Sachdev, M. S. Sachdev and D. L. Deb Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India The soil to plant transfer factors (TF) of 137Cs and 65Zn were determined for two crops, sorghum and 364 provided an important source of such information, and is one of the key cited sources for many models. John Actor Ocheje1, Alexander A. Tyovenda2 1. . For vegetables, the units are kg soil/kg edible dry plants. The plants include various vegetable crops, including pumpkin, zucchini, beans, fennel . The transfer factors of radioactive Cs, Sr, Mn, Co and Zn for edible parts of vegetables (average of five vegetables) were 0 . Thorium belongs to the group of heavy natural radionuclides (HNR) that were formed mainly as a result of nuclear fusion reactions during the formation of the Earth, i.e., about 4.6 × 10 9 years ago. These low values indicate slow transport of these radionuclides to the rice grains. This knowledge can also help to guide researches and modelling related to transfer of radionuclides to food chain. Department of Physics,Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue state Abstract The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil and plant were measured in this study with an aim to determine the activity concentrations and transfer factors of radionuclides such as 226 Ra, 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K from soil to plant collected from north eastern Libya. The transfer factor (TF) is a value used in evaluation studies on impact of routine or accidental releases of radionuclide into the environment for most important agricultural products is known. By contrast, for the natural radionuclides, the highest transfer factor was recorded from soil to leaf, followed by the transfer factor from soil to trunk and the lowest one was observed from soil to root. This produced a set of values for key transfer parameters of radionuclides between the various components of tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems that can be used in dose assessment models. of radionuclides in the samples and compared with the worldwide average values reported by UNSCEAR. Transfer parameters determined in the present study were compared with those reported in International Atomic Energy Agency reports and other published values. T Fs are convenient indices for establishing the degree of uptake of radionuclides from soil to plants. These low values indicate slow transport of these radionuclides to the rice grains. Then 134 Cs decreases and reaches less Soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is a parameter utilized in predicting the accumulation of radionuclides in the plant system. By contrast, for the natural radionuclides, the highest transfer factor was recorded from soil to leaf, followed by the transfer factor from soil to trunk and the lowest one was observed from soil to root. 7 Soil to rice transfer factor of the natural radionuclides in Malaysia 1423 The result gives us an idea that, uranium has higher number of transfer factor than thorium. KEYWORDS: transfer factor, soil, brown rice, white rice, stable isotope, naturally occurring radio-nuclide, water management, TRS-364, equilibrium condition I. In order to obtain soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of radionuclides under equilibrium conditions, naturally existing elements were measured as analogues of radionuclides. radionuclides. (HPGe) detector. 28 for 238 U, 0.13 to 0.95 for 232 Th and 0.31 to 0.92 for 226 Ra. Plants are the primary recipients of radioactive contamination to the food chain following atmospheric releases of radionuclides. The Mean Transfer Factors of the three radionuclides for Lokoja samples were 0.0808, 0.3090 and 0.5912 respectively, and those of Ibaji soil samples were 0.0975, 0.8052, and 0.8710 respectively, with the transfer being highest in Thorium followed by Uranium. perviridis Bail) at different stages of plant development was determined simultaneously by the multitracer technique. (2014) Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants and grass in the western north of west bank environment-palestine. This implies that the transfer factor for an element is constant under comparable conditions, irrespective of the element concentration in the soil [36]. For animal products, the transfer factor relates the 58 4.5 Transfer factor data for different life stages of development for Reference Animals . natural and artificial radionuclides, 226 Ra, 210 Pb, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs, using a high resolution HPGe gamma spectrometer. Department of Pure & Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari Taraba state, 2. 148 of exposure is the need to model the transfer of radionuclides in a robust manner. radionuclides sipping into the and ground. The main focus was on rice, fruits, vegetables and tapioca because the consumption of these is high. The main focus was on rice, fruits, vegetables and tapioca because the consumption of these is high. The annual effective dose due to rice grain consumption in Iranians varied from 20.50±0.74 to 68.40±11.71 µSv/y. 364), published in 1994, together provided a full set of available transfer parameter values for the marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Whereas the TF values of thorium were found to be ranged 0.09 to 1.24. The transfer factor (TF) of uranium for five different sites was measured by the Gamma ray spectroscopy and high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector the transfer factor for 238U ranged 0.00019, 0.24. The tabulated data shows that in the The samples were collected from different locations in north eastern Libya. Whereas for thorium, the highest value of transfer factor was 1.23 and potassium the highest values of transfer factor was 19.58. The activity The soil to rice TF for the radionuclides, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U . The transfer factor (TF) is a value used in evaluation studies on Hence, the soil-to-plant transfer factor for each radionuclide was expressed as: TF = Activity concentration of nuclide of interest per kg dry plant mass Activity concentration of that nuclide in dry soil within the rooting zone. The transfer factor, which is defined as the ratio of the radioactivity concentration in plant to that in soil, is widely used for the evaluation of the uptake of radionuclides by plants from soil. Dependence of transfer factors on the activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil Linear uptake of elements by the plants was assumed in the estimation of transfer factors. According to calculated transfer The radionuclides transfer factor (TF) obtained in this work varies from farm to farm and ranged from 10.36 to 87.84 for 40 K, BDL to 1. In terms of radionuclides, the transfer factor is used to calculate how many becquerel per kilogram (Bq per kg) of soil are transferred to the edible dry plant product. information about natural radionuclides and the radio-logical impact of radionuclides released to the terrestrial environment is usually predicted by mathematical mod-els in which the transfer of radionuclides from soil to the plant is described with the transfer factor (TF). Is the transfer factor a relevant tool to assess the soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides under field conditions? Approaches for Modelling of Radioecological Data to Identify Key Radionuclides and Associated Parameter Values for Human and Wildlife Exposure Assessments. A soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is an important parameter that could be used to estimate radionuclides levels in medicinal plants. It is necessary to obtain the transfer factor (TF) of long-lived radionuclides because soil type and vegetation can affect TF. Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides, artificial radio-cesium, and soil-to-plant transfer factor in common different plants species grown at Al-Tuwaitha City in the capital Baghdad have been evaluated using NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. These values are higher than the default values 0.04, 0.05 and 1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively, suggested by IAEA. Soil activity concentrations Assessment of radionuclides in food crops grown in areas suspected of high radiation is critical in evaluating radionuclides' transfer from soil-to-crops and their risk levels to . A soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is an important parameter that could be used to estimate radionuclides levels in medicinal plants. . Assessment models normally make use of a plant/substrate contributes maximum share of activity to the natural radioactivity concentration ratio, referred to as a transfer factor (TF) to estimate of environment. Vegetation may be the subject to direct or indirect contamination[4]. Virgin soil from an uncultivated area and tailings from an abandoned . Often there is no boundary between the factors and they are linked to each other. What is 149 missing, therefore, is a set of reference data values that could be used to estimate the Jazzar M.M., Thabayneh K.M. The measurements were made on four parts of each plant . For other areas and especially the developing countries TFs are less known. The Silhouette plants samples were collected from various nurseries in Baghdad to study the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides, K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 in addition to Radon Adsorption percentage for the first time in this research to Plants and soils with the transfer factor from soil to plant using NaI(Tl) detector. It is necessary to obtain the transfer factor (TF) of long-lived radionuclides because soil type and vegetation can affect TF. The TF values for radionuclides obtained for this work were lower than 1 except for 40 K. The transfer factor depends on soil properties, vegetation type, the type of radionuclides, and the climatic conditions (Asaduzzaman et al., 2015). described by soil-plant transfer factor that is defined as the ratio between plant specific activity and soil specific activity. Determination of the Transfer Factor and Dose Rate of radionuclides in Some Selected Crops in Kogi state, Nigeria. April 2011. Transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to leaf vegetables (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, spinach and lettuce) have been studied by radiotracer expeiments using Andosol as a representative of Japanese soils. The quantification of the soil-to-plant transfer by means of transfer factor or concentration ratios values presents high range of variation, about 4-5 orders of magnitude for radiocesium. The activity concentrations of radionuclides in lemongrass and their Transfer factors of radionuclides: 226Ra, 232Th, Kand 137Cs were calculated with regard to elemental concentrations of radionuclides in soil and moss samples. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air and the external hazard index associated with these natural radionuclides were computed to assess the radiation hazard of radioactivity in this region . Komatsuna was grown on soil administered with the multitracer for 14, 20, 26, and 33 days. Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides, artificial radio-cesium, and soil-to-plant transfer factor in common different plants species grown at Al-Tuwaitha City in the capital Baghdad have been evaluated using NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. Radionuclide activity distribution and transfer factor (TF) in plants are crucial parameters used to assess radioactive contamination in the environment, impact of soil radioactivity on agricultural crops and its risks to humans. A. Mostafa , Nada Farhan Kadhim , Hassan Ammer , Yassir Baqir The knowledge of environmental transfer factors is useful to evaluate the radiation dose and radionuclides from one compartment to another compartment of the environment. What is 149 missing, therefore, is a set of reference data values that could be used to estimate the The Mean Transfer Factors of the three radionuclides for Lokoja samples were 0.0808, 0.3090 and 0.5912 respectively, and those of Ibaji soil samples were 0.0975, 0.8052, and 0.8710 respectively, with the transfer being highest in Thorium followed by Uranium. Soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF), representing the transfer mechanism of radionuclides, is widely used to describe plant uptake from soil. Transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to leaf vegetables (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, spinach and lettuce) have been studied by radiotracer experiments using Andosol as a representative of Japanese soils. 1.2 Soil to Plant Transfer of Radionuclides and Transfer Factor releases of radionuclides. 232encountered radionuclides are . The lifetime cancer risk is a function of environmental geology and the K-40 soil transfer factor to the plant is very high compared to other radionuclides in the samples. Transfer factors of radionuclides 137Cs and 6SZn from soil to pearlmillet and sorghum P. Sachdev, M. S. Sachdev and D. L. Deb Nuclear Research Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India The soil to plant transfer factors (TF) of 137Cs and 65Zn were determined for two crops, sorghum and Plants are the primary recipients of radioactive contamination to the soil following atmospheric release of a radionuclide. the grass to milk transfer factors of iodine at several sites : 2.8 10-2 and 3.6 10-3 d L-1 for goat's and cow's milk respectively (Paracheet al., 2011). For soil to plant, the average transfer factor (TF) values were found to be 0.60, 0.50, 0.31, and 1.70 for 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. This work was done to determine the specific activity of radionuclides, soil to cassava transfer factor and the effective dose due to consumption of radionuclide in cassava products in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. The soil-to-plant TF is regarded as one of the most important 238U, Th, Determination of the Transfer Factor and Dose Rate of radionuclides in Some Selected Crops in Kogi state, Nigeria. The level of accrual. The environment take in plants deposited radionuclides from soil, commonly expressed as soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF), which is widely used for calculating radiological human dose via the ingestion pathway. The updated transfer factors may be useful in assessing transport . recognized as one of the major pathways for the transfer of radionuclides to human beings (IAEA, 1982). John Actor Ocheje1, Alexander A. Tyovenda2 1. tiziana.centofanti@googlemail.com Department of Physics,Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue state Abstract Abstract. It is necessary to obtain the transfer factor (TF) of long-lived radionuclides because soil type and vegetation can affect TF. The transfer factors of important radionuclides of Sr, Tc, Cs, and I have been extensively studied under both natural and laboratory conditions. Transfer factor (TF) of226Ra,232Th and40K from all soil types to wheat grains were calculated and ranged from 0.11 to 2, from 0.14 to 1 and from 1.18 to 3.72 for226Ra,232Th and40K respectively. Most of them (except 242 Np) have half-lives that are close to the age of the Earth and have not yet completely decayed [1-3].The concentrations of primary radionuclides are relatively low in . Crops grown in upland fields and associated soil samples were collected from 62 sampling sites throughout Japan. The soil-to-plant transfer factor (T F ), or the ratio of the concentration of radioactivity in the crop-to-soil radioactivity per unit mass (Bq kg −1 dry mass), is used to study the impact of radionuclides on the environment. 2021 . Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 158-159, 81-88. The soil to rice TF for the radionuclides, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U . Transmission of uranium and thorium along with nutrients through the absorption of minerals, and accumulate in various parts or even up to the edible parts.
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