Where, L i is the total volume of water intercepted.. S is the interception storage. In this study this model was compared to a model based on an exponential saturation equation. Streets/Design is based on Xiao et al. The daily process of interception is conveniently described as a threshold process, with a daily threshold D (mm/d). CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): i-Tree Streets/Design and Eco estimate annual rainfall interception by urban forest based on different physics-based water balance models. Interception and fog precipitation was determined for a 2100 m site and a 2550 m site in a first-order tributary of the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala by calculating the difference between throughfall and gross precipitation for a 44-week period. Absorption . Part of the precipitation which falls either as rainfall or snowfall is caught by vegetative cover before it reaches ground. Environmental factors are often used for the estimation of interception loss. Rainfall interception is a process of retention of rainwater by the plant cover. Background Several studies have simulated urban forest impacts Sagebrush interception averaged 18.5 ± 12.4%. The Gash analytical model is a storm-based interception model assuming rainfall is a succession of discrete storms . Rowe (1948) and Hamilton and Rowe (1949) reported that interception amounted to about 8% of the annual rainfall for the chaparral type in central and southern California. Rainfall interception is recognized as a hydrological process of considerable importance in water resource management, but also in the context of climate change ( Arnell, 2002 ). from publication: Throughfall, stemflow and interception loss in Grewia optiva and Morus alba in north west Himalayas | The . Values of interception are between 1 and 4 mm. is named wetting. canopy interception), and in the forest floor or litter layer (i.e. It is thus obvious how necessary it is to measure the size of rain drops in studies on interception and permeability of the forest canopy. This is especially true for forest stands, where annual interception loss commonly amounts to a quarter or more of total rainfall ( Dingman, 2002 ). Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 124 (2004) 171-191 The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest Timothy E. Linka,∗, Mike Unsworthb,1, Danny Marksc,2 a Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, P.O. Even so, it is usually possible to stay slightly more dry under . In this chapter, the Earth's surface includes everything that becomes wet after a rainfall event and that dries out soon after. During this process a portion of water changes its state of matter into a vapor, removes from the canopy and its immediate surroundings and returns into the atmosphere thus short-circuiting the terrestrial hydrological cycle. Citation: Hoover, Marvin D. 1953. Asheville, NC: USDA-Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. residue rainfall interception effects on soil hydrological components for semi -arid agriculture. It occurs in the canopy (i.e. Rainfall interception by the forest canopy plays an important role in the water budget by removing water from the terrestrial hydrologic cycle as an atmospheric loss. Rainfall interception by vegetation is defined as the fraction of precipitation which is retained by vegetation during and after a precipitation event and which subsequently evaporates from this surface (Crockford & Richardson, 2000). . Rainfall interception is often simulated by a version of the well-known Rutter-Gash analytical model. I nterception is the part of the rainfall that is intercepted by the earth's surface and which subsequently evaporates. Rainfall that is not intercepted is referred to as throughfall. Diagram of each fraction of interception according to . Rainfall interception is a process of redistributing incident rain water by a canopy. It occurs in the canopy (i.e. Kriging was used to extend existing meteorological point data over the region. interception is very well captured on a daily time scale. was developed to analyse the rainfall-interception- evaporation-runoff relationships. rainfall features, canopy structure characteristics, micrometeorological conditions, and interactions between these factors [1-3]. • Interception: mature deciduous 500 to 2000 gallons per year mature evergreen 4,000 gallons per year. 229- 241. Water retention by abiotic objects (buildings, roots, etc.) The amount of water intercepted by a plant largely depends on plant form. Interception deals with the amount of water that is caught and stored on the leaves and stems of vegetation. That is, the relationship excludes time as a variable. Rainfall was simulated by means ofa portable sprayer. & Conclusion These results highlight the positive effect of thinning, which reduces water loss from precipitation caused by interception of rainfall in Mediterranean forests that have never been thinned. For example, the rainfall interception ratio (I/Pg) can be formulated as an exponential decay As the Horton equation suggests, the total interception is dependent on the . of rainfall under the tree canopy could affect water movement on the soil surface or through the soil profile. Rainfall interception (I) by trees plays a chief role in determining the amount of rainfall reaching the forest floor and, therefore, is an important fraction of the water balance in forest . (a) r = 0.1 (b) r = 0.87. ment of rainfall interception by grass (Merriam, 1961). Torr.)] As far as we know, this is the first study that generates valuable and precise information about precipitation interception and redistribution in P. aculeata worldwide. This storage is filled by precipitation and sprinkler irrigation, and depleted by PET. Gross precipitation ( PGr ), throughfall ( PTF) and stemflow ( PSF) were measured on a daily basis to determine the interception of precipitation (P I) and net precipitation ( PNet ). The amount of rain lost to interception storage on the foliage depends on the kind of vegetation and its growth stage. Interception losses are described by the following equation. The potential interception per rainfall event was determined to be 1.0 mm by spraying 10 individual plants with water. Both sites were situated within closed-canopy cloud forests. Intercepted rainfall is the water captured by plant canopies or litter before it hits the soil surface. To investigate the underlying processes at one such location the Luquillo Experimental Forest in eastern Puerto Rico 66 days of detailed throughfall and above-canopy climatic data were collected in 1996 and analysed using the Rutter and Gash models of rainfall . Effective precipitation was defined as the sum of throughfall and stemflow beneath tree canopies. Plant canopy interception of rainfall and its significance in a . In two events birch has not intercepted any rainfall, in the case of pine, however, at least minimal interception was always observed. Study area. This rainfall interception model is derived from the original Gash analytical model and the calculations of interception components are based on Link et al. 630.1001 Rainfall-runoff relationship The NRCS runoff equation was developed to estimate total storm runoff from total storm rainfall. Interception is the part of the rainfall that is intercepted by the Earth's surface and which subsequently evaporates. Stemflow was very low. The results showed that the maximum of interception was 8.10 mm, the mean interception was 4.53 mm, the maximum of interception rate was 56 . The data were sampled every second and collected at 30‐s time steps using pressure transducers monitoring water depth in collection containers coupled . Rainfall events can be characterized by their amount, intensity, and duration, with the amount of rainfall per event evidently exerting the strongest influence of the three on rainfall interception [10]. By Jan Sevink. Accepted for Box 441133, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USA b College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, COAS Administration Building 104 . Rainfall interception Water and energy budgets of rain forests along an elevation gradient under maritime tropical conditions Mon, 09/26/2011 - 10:52 — leonmi Hydrological Processes. Direct interception of clouds by the canopy dominates in the South forest, where throughfall is 113% of rainfall. The goals of this thesis were to 1) quantify rainfall interception by mountain big sagebrush across a range of cover values, 2) identify shrub measurements with utility in scaling interception to the community level, and 3) investigate the larger context of arid shrub precipitation partitioning. Interception is an important factor in understanding hydrological effects of plant cover both in water budget modeling and ecohydrology. Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. quantify annual rainfall interception, 2) describe rela-tions between interception and rainfall seasonally, duration, and volume for typical storm events, and 3) identify important structural trait s of urban forest that can be manipulated to increase rainfall interception. precipitation was always higher (P<0.001) in the thinned area, and showed a significant (P=0.041) relationship with LAI. 122 from Department of Botany, University of Nebraska. A one-dimensional mass and energy balance model was developed to simulate rainfall interception in Sacramento County, California. A rainfall interception measuring system was developed and tested for open‐grown trees. In this definition the earth's surface includes everything that becomes wet after a rainfall event and that dries out soon after. He installed an 8-inchdiameter metal collar around the grass sample and sealed the soil surface within the collar with a plastic vinyl material. Some rain collecting on an acer leaf. Rainfall Interception and Evaporation from Soil. This invasive tree species showed to have one of the highest net precipitation and lowest precipitation interception among small trees. DUNKERLEY AND BOOTH: PLANT CANOPY INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL 1583 Figure 1. 13 p. Posted Date: February 13, 2013 Effective models of canopy interception are critical for simulating the water budget and river flows. Station Paper SE-SP-021. (2004), who investigated the dynamics of rainfall interception processes. hydrologic sciences - hydrologic sciences - Interception: When precipitation reaches the surface in vegetated areas, a certain percentage of it is retained on or intercepted by the vegetation. Rainfall Interception Rainfall is intercepted by the tree crown surface, and some raindrops directly pass through gaps between leaves and stem, reaching the ground as free throughfall. View downslope across the vegetation banding in the study area. Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves, branches of plants and the forest floor. Consequently, evaporation is a . E is the rate of evaporation during the precipitation event, and t is time. Box 441133, Moscow, ID 83844-1133, USA b College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, COAS Administration Building 104 . precipitation duration. forest floor interception ). L i = S + KEt. Rainwater intercepted by tree leaves and branches is temporarily stored on leaf and bark surfaces. A large canopy surface area and low rainfall rates cause the high rate of interception. structural layer. For example canopy, forest floor, fog, snow, and urban interception. The model describes tree interception processes: gross precipitation, leaf drip, stem flow, and evaporation. Rainfall interception is the fraction of rain that falls onto vegetation but never reaches the ground, instead evaporating from the wet canopy. Interception. In the foreground is a gravel- strewn but unvegetated band (runoff source), and running into the distance several contour-parallel grassed . Change in soil water storage over 40 days was simulated for bare soil, soil with 1X residue, and soil with 4X residue. Water that reaches the ground via the trunks and stems of the vegetation is called stemflow. DUNKERLEY AND BOOTH: PLANT CANOPY INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL 1583 Figure 1. It includes vegetation, soil surface, litter, and buildup surface. Interception of Rainfall in Successional Tropical Dry Forests in Brazil and Costa Rica. Precipitation that collects on the leaves or stems of plants is known as interception. absolute interception storage increases with increasing storm duration but, because interception decreases exponentially, a larger proportion of short duration precipitation is intercepted than is the water from a long storm which is shed once a steady state (interception capacity) is achieved . Rainfall interception by birch was on average equal to 41% (±32%) per event, while pine has on average intercepted 70% (±24%) per event (Figure 3). A cereal crop, for example, has a smaller storage capacity than a dense grass cover. An early version of the relation-ship was described by Mockus (1949). • In one study, existing canopy in Dayton, Ohio reduced runoff by 7% and could be increased to 12% Figure 5. More significant is the effect the vegetation has on the infiltration capacity of the soil. Figure 3. Water that reaches the ground via the trunks and stems of the vegetation… Read More (1998), annual rainfall interception . The most direct way to measure rainfall interception evaporation is through the construction of weighing lysimeters, which is a major undertaking for forests (Dunin et al., 1988). (2008) and improved by Hirabayashi (2013). The term vegetation includes forest tree cover, crops and low level vegetation like under-bush, grass etc. This paper divides the process of rainfall redistribution into four levels in vegetation restored region of gully in arid-hot valley of Jinshajiang River. Rainfall is seasonal, controlled by the Inter Interception and Infiltration As water reaches the surface in various forms of precipitation, it is intercepted by plants or falls directly to the surface. The sum of throughfall and stemflow or the total rain reaching the ground beneath a plant canopy is net rainfall. In the North forest, canopy interception of rainfall dominates, and annual throughfall amounts to only 64% of rainfall. To collect rainfall interception data from different trees, an automatic weather system including an S-RGD-M002 rain gauge (Davis Instruments, Hayward, CA), S-WCF-M003 wind speed and direction smart sensor (Davis Instruments), and HOBO USB micro station data logger (Onset Computer, Bourne, MA) were installed under street trees on Gwanak Campus, Seoul National University (Figs. METHODS Study area The northern Limpopo basin in Zimbabwe is a semi-arid area, with rainfall varying from 360 mm year-1 in the south to 630 mm year-1 in the north (Love et al., 2010). Plant canopy interception of rainfall and its significance in a . Interception of Rainfall by Prairie Grasses, Weeds, and Certain Crop Plants Interception of Rainfall by Prairie Grasses, Weeds, and Certain Crop Plants Clark, Orin Ray 1940-02-01 00:00:00 INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL BY PRAIRIE GRASSES, WEEDS, AND CERTAIN CROP PLANTS By ORIN RAY CLARK Unh•ersity of Nebraska Contribution No. quantify annual rainfall interception, 2) describe rela-tions between interception and rainfall seasonally, duration, and volume for typical storm events, and 3) identify important structural trait s of urban forest that can be manipulated to increase rainfall interception. Most studies focused on the relationships of the interception with the precipitation in one or more rainfall events, without considering rainfall density and vegetation characteristics. In this definition the earth's surface includes everything that becomes wet after a rainfall event and that dries out soon after. Canopy interception vs. (a) the green ground cover and (b) amount of rain water. Gross rainfall and its partitioning into throughfall, stemflow and evaporation of intercepted water in four forest ecosystems in western Amazonia. Rainfall intensity is ignored. Interception is specified as a storage device with a constant maximum capacity which represents the potential interception. It is expressed in millimeters of water layer, similar to atmospheric precipitation, or as a percentage value in comparison to precipitation measured over open space. Over the years, several models have been developed to simulate canopy . In the foreground is a gravel- strewn but unvegetated band (runoff source), and running into the distance several contour-parallel grassed . Download scientific diagram | Interception and rainfall relationship. Nash)]. Given the same amount of residue mass, winter wheat residue intercepts significantly more rainfall than corn and soybean residue. The Gash analytical model is a storm-based interception model assuming rainfall is a succession of discrete storms . (1998), while Eco is based on Wang et al. Interception Loss is the portion of the precipitation that is returned to the atmosphere through evaporation from plant surfaces or is absorbed by the plant, Interception Storage is the ability of vegetation surfaces to collect and retain Precipitation, Ratio of vegetal surface area to projected area is the factor contributing for Rainfall and . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 124 (2004) 171-191 The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest Timothy E. Linka,∗, Mike Unsworthb,1, Danny Marksc,2 a Department of Forest Resources, University of Idaho, P.O. Based on studies of rainfall interception and stem flow, Saffigna et al. We evaluated rainfall interception over a 1-year period in eight restoration sites within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Rainfall interception is one mechanism by which tree canopies can reduce surface runoff in urban areas. (2004), who investigated the dynamics of rainfall interception processes. These levels include arbor interception, litter interception, soil interception and surface runoff. Simulated rainfall was used to quantify interception and effective precipitation during 130 rainfall events ranging in size from 2.2 to 25.9 mm hr-1 on 19 trees of each species. Interception is the part of the rainfall that is intercepted by the earth's surface and which subsequently evaporates. the interception gain or interception loss occasioned by the imitation reed superstructure of the third gauge.3 In Maryland, during one growing season of about four months' duration, in which there occurred twenty-six 24-hour periods with a measurable amount of rainfall, the net interception gain by the third gauge, containing the imita- A total of 43 precipitation events were sampled during the wet season of 2003. The system includes direct measurements of gross precipitation, throughfall and stemflow, as well as continuous collection of micrometeorological data. Mean rainfall interception rates of individual plants used in this study amounted to 0.15 cm for both shadscale and big sagebrush, when averaged over all sampling dates and rainfall intensities. stand. This rainfall interception model is derived from the original Gash analytical model and the calculations of interception components are based on Link et al. and a shortgrass [curleymesquite (Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) canopy interception ), and in the forest floor or litter layer (i.e. View downslope across the vegetation banding in the study area. The net precipitation, that is, Thus, interception of rainfall in forest ecosystems plays an important role in the hydrology by capturing water on plant surfaces, increasing evaporation losses, and delaying the response of streams to rainfall events. Javascript not supported or is disabled :( 1, 2 . Rainfall interception is influenced, not only by the vegetation and residue characteristics, but also by the properties of the rainfall itself. In Xiao et al. Rainfall interception by a tree's crown is one of the most important hydrological processes in an ecosystem, yet the mechanisms of interception are not well understood. The material that follows evolved from that 1949 report. Canopy rainfall interception loss is the amount of rainfall that is intercepted, stored, and subsequently lost by evaporation from the canopy and is also considered a significant component of the water flux from the land surface to the atmosphere. Results illustrate a trade-off between rainfall interception and evaporation from soil The interception of rainfall by urban trees has been proposed to p… Recently, the role of urban trees in stormwater management has received increasing interest. Rainfall interception is a key hydrological process for water-related ecosystem services' maintenance, which plays an important role in runoff, infiltration, erosion control, and flood regulation. Find 4 ways to say INTERCEPTION, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interac- Both plant and soil surfaces will accumulate surface water films during rainfall which is then available for interception . forest floor interception). By Julio Calvo. Model of interception The next important point in the question under discussion is the problem of the con- (1976) suggested that fertilizer banded under the shoulders of potato hills resulted in less Received for publication 8 Nov. 1996. Given a storm of sufficient size to wet each individual plant, actual interception of entire plant . Rainfall that is not intercepted is referred to as throughfall. stand as well as a Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Click to see full answer. Recent surveys of tropical forest water use suggest that rainfall interception by the canopy is largest in wet maritime locations. Background Several studies have simulated urban forest impacts In the city of Denton, Texas, 30 mature post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak . This study has as main aims to assess the suitability of (1) the Ashton formula and (2) the sparse variants of the Gash and Rutter interception models to model rainfall interception measurements carried out in a Pinus pinaster Ait. 4. Abstract Rainfall and throughfall were measured during the summer of 1995. Rainfall interception by forest canopy is an important process of water resources cycle in forest watershed. The objectives of this research were to: 1) quantify rainfall interception by urban tree canopies, and 2) determine the influence of vegetation and microenvironmental factors on rainfall interception rates. Interception, as a function of simulated rainfall intensity and duration, was determined for a midgrass [sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) A process-based experiment was conducted under five simulated rainfall intensities (from 10 to 150mmh-1) . K is the ratio of the surface area of the leaves to the area of the entire canopy. Daily interception (mm/d) is then compute as: I =min (P,D) (2) implying that if the rainfall is less than the threshold, the interception is equal to the rainfall The part of the precipitation reaching the soil either passes through the canopy (throughfall) or is diverted . INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL IN A YOUNG LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATION by Marvin D. Hoover Piedmont Research Center, Union, S. C. INTRODUCTION Those who have sought refuge during a storm have found a tree to be an effective umbrella for a light shower but leaky in a heavy rain. Rainfall Interception by Tree Canopies • Average interception of rainfall by tree canopy cover ranges from 12-40% (varies by rainfall event). rain drop sizes can occur during rainfall of OIKOS 19, 2 (1968) the same intensity and duration. Annals of Forest Science (2011) 68:1323-1332 DOI 10.1007/s13595-011-0142-7 ORIGINAL PAPER The influence of thinning on rainfall interception by Pinus pinea L. in Mediterranean coastal stands (Castel Fusano—Rome) Gianluigi Mazza & Emilio Amorini & Andrea Cutini & Maria Chiara Manetti Received: 9 March 2011 /Accepted: 18 September 2011 /Published online: 15 November 2011 INRA and Springer . Interception of rainfall in a young loblolly pine plantation. In hydrologic sciences: Interception When precipitation reaches the surface in vegetated areas, a certain percentage of it is retained on or intercepted by the vegetation. Rainfall interception by different amounts of corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max L.), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue was studied under simulated rainfall.
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